Molecules and Their Interaction (Relevant to Biology) – eChapter 1 for LIFE SCIENCES – Useful for UGC CSIR, NET, SET, SLET Exams

1. MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTION RELEVANT TO BIOLOGY
(A) Structure of Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Bonds.
(B) Composition, Structure and Function of Biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids and
Vitamins).
(C) Stabilizing interactions (Van der Waals, Electrostatic, Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrophobic Interaction, etc.).
(D) Principles of Biophysical Chemistry (pH, Buffer, Reaction kinetics, Thermodynamics, Colligative properties).
(E) Bioenergetics, Glycolysis, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Coupled reaction, Group transfer, Biological Energy
transducers.
(F) Principles of Catalysis, Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics, Enzyme Regulation, Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis,
Isozymes.
(G) Conformation of Proteins (Ramachandran Plot, Secondary Structure, Domains, Motif and Folds).
(H) Conformation of Nucleic Acids (Helix (A, B, Z), t-RNA, micro-RNA).
(I) Stability of Proteins and Nucleic Acids.
(J) Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino Acids, Nucleotides and Vitamins.